Treat zikas symptoms by drinking fluids, getting rest, and taking acetaminophen for fever and pain. The virus was first identified in the zika valley, in central africa, in 1947, according to the mayo clinic. Who, together with partners, has developed technical guidance and training materials that can be used by countries to further strengthen their capacities to prepare and respond to zika virus disease and complications. Accurate diagnostic tests for zika virus infection are needed to distinguish it from other flavivirus infections and to identify women who have been infected with zika virus during pregnancy and may be at risk for developing fetal complications. The authors concluded that, among participants who had igm antibody against zika virus, a total of 19% 38% minus 19% had symptoms that were likely due to the zika virus infection. The rash in zika virus infection is usually a fine maculopapular rash that is diffusely distributed. Care is supportive with treatment of the various symptoms. Drugs for the treatment of zika virus infection request pdf. The zika virus genome contains 10,794 nt encoding 3,419 aa. Zika can cause microcephaly a serious birth defect of the brain and other problems in babies whose mothers were infected while pregnant.
Zika virus is an emerging flavivirus that causes the neurodevelopmental congenital zika syndrome and that has been linked to the neuroinflammatory guillainbarre syndrome. It is a mosquito borne flavivirus similar to dengue, yellow fever, and west nile viruses. Zika virus infection has recently attracted the attention of medical community. Zika fever also known as zika virus disease is an illness caused by zika virus. Approximately 1 in 5 people who become infected will become ill with symptoms of fever, joint pain, conjunctivitis, rash, headache or muscle pain. The cdc has published highly detailed guidelines about zika infections and treatment.
People with zika virus disease usually have a mild fever, skin rash and conjunctivitis red eyes for 27 days. Zika virus zikv infection is usually mild and selflimited. There is no specific medicine or vaccine for zika virus. The french institute for public health surveillance also confirmed a case of zika virus in france via sexual transmission. Zika virus treatment niaid is supporting the development of treatments for zika virus infection, including using its suite of preclinical services to examine drug compounds and molecules for activity against zika virus, as well as to test treatments in animal models of zika virus infection. Pdf azithromycin inhibits the replication of zika virus. Zika virus infection during pregnancy can cause birth defects of the brain or eye, which can occur alone or with developmental problems, in a particular pattern called congenital zika syndrome. Prevention and treatment of zika virus in canada canada. Dec 11, 2018 the spectrum of zika virus disease overlaps with other that of arboviral infections, but rash maculopapular and likely immunemediated typically predominates. The zika virus becomes a major concern if transmitted from mother to fetus as it increases the chance of birth defects and developmental problems to the unborn baby. Zika virus infection including symptoms, treatment and. Symptoms may include fever, red eyes, joint pain, headache, and a maculopapular rash.
There is no treatment available for zika virus infection or its associated diseases. There is no specific treatment or vaccine currently. Zika virus is an arthropodborne flavivirus transmitted by mosquitoes. The authors concluded that, among participants who had igm antibody against zika virus, a total of 19% 38% minus 19% had symptoms that were likely due to the zika virus. There is therefore a need to increase diagnostic capacity up to primary health care. The signs and symptoms of zika virus infection include fever, rash, arthralgia, and conjunctivitis. While clinical manifestations of the infection in adult cases are not severe and disease is not associated with high mortality rates, zika virus infection can have an impact on fetal development and lead to severe neurodevelopmental abnormalities.
Zika virus infection genetic and rare diseases information. Niaid is supporting the development of treatments for zika virus infection, including using its suite of preclinical services to examine drug compounds and molecules for activity against zika virus, as well as to test treatments in animal models of zika virus infection. Pregnancy management in the context of zika virus infection. Cases of zika virus transmission via blood transfusion have also been reported. A zika virus infection, also known as zika fever or zika virus disease, usually causes mild, transient symptoms or no symptoms at all. Zika virus outbreaks are currently occurring in many countries. Zika virus can also be spread from a pregnant mother to her child and through sexual contact with an affected partner. Who global consultation of research related to zika virus. The zika virus can be caught if you are bitten by an affected mosquito. Other signs and symptoms may include headache, red eyes conjunctivitis and a general. Zika virus and pregnancy pdf 261 kb mothertobaby zika virus disease and your eyes prevent blindness their contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of hrsa.
Read about zika virus symptoms, treatment, prevention, and incubation period. If you do decide to travel, first talk to your doctor. Prior zika infection can be detected by antibodybased tests, however, these tests may also detect or crossreact with antibodies against other flaviviruses, particularly dengue virus. Zika virus and microcephaly in brazil reports of a substantial increase in number of babies born with microcephaly in 2015 in brazil. Although zika virus was isolated on several occasions from aedes africanus mosquitoes after its discovery in 1947, 4 there initially was no. Zika virus symptoms, countries, risk, and prevention. Zika virus information and resources official web site. Zika virus is a flavivirus, in the family flaviviridae. For diagnosis of zika virus, combined tests are important because the onset of fever can be uncertain or intermittent.
Guidance for providers caring for women and men modified. Zika virus continues to circulate and cause locallytransmitted disease in. Dec 11, 2018 preventing other modes of zika virus transmission. The importance of detection and surveillance of pregnant women infected with the virus is paramount given the known fetal anomalies, particularly microcephaly. When signs of infection do appear, they are often nonspecific and easily mistaken for the cold or flu.
Dec 21, 2018 the zika zeekuh virus is a mosquitoborne viral infection that primarily occurs in tropical and subtropical areas of the world. You can also get zika through sex without a condom with someone infected by zika, even if that person does not show symptoms of zika. Congenital zika virus syndrome is characterized by symptoms that can vary in number and range in severity from mild to lifethreatening. The cdc confirmed that there were 2 cases of zika virus contracted via sexual contact and that there were an additional 14 cases being investigated in the u. Zika virus is an arbovirus in the flavivirus family that includes yellow fever, west nile, dengue, and japanese encephalitis viruses. The virus causes birth defects in babies born to some infected. Oral andor iv hydration helps reduce symptoms and dehydration. Pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges and treatment of zika virus.
Aug 23, 2018 there is currently no specific vaccine to protect people against the zika virus or any specific antiviral drug treatment for people who are infected with the virus already. The zika virus arrived in the united states in 2016, with local transmission reported in and around miami, fl, and brownsville, tx. Congenital means that it happened during the pregnancy, and the condition is present from birth. Of reproductive age with possible zika virus exposure modified from cdca ifdajl and whok published guidance updated july 2019 planning pregnancy for infected, exposed, or possibly exposed individuals this is an update of the asrm zika virus guidance for providers that addresses the care of nonpregnant patients desiring. There is no vaccine or specific drug against this virus. As the infection spreads, new possible routes of transmission facilitating humantohuman spread of the virus without an intermediate vector have been discovered. Until recently, the mosquito was the only known vector for zika virus transmission. Management of infection by the zika virus annals of clinical. Interim guidelines for pregnant women during a zika virus. The absence of a vaccine or a clinically approved drug to treat the disease combined with the likelihood that another outbreak will occur in the future defines an unmet medical need. Zika virus can be passed from a pregnant woman to her fetus. Expert consultation with a maternalfetal medicine and infectious diseases specialists is advised for management of zika virus infection during.
Other signs and symptoms may include headache, red eyes conjunctivitis and a general feeling of discomfort. In the twentyfirst century, we have seen the reemergence of several rna viruses causing severe infections in humans, like sars and mers coronavirus, and more recently ebola virus and zika virus zikv. Aug 23, 2016 zika virus infection is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito. Most people infected with the zika virus have no signs and symptoms, while others report mild fever, rash and muscle pain. There is currently no vaccine to prevent zika disease or medicine to treat zika disease. Zika working group 1 on behalf of the committee to advise on tropical medicine and travel catmat affiliation. Treat your clothing and gear with permethrin or buy pretreated items. The first human cases were identified in 1952 in uganda and tanzania. Dec 21, 2018 no specific antiviral treatment for the zika virus exists. The zika virus is spread by bites of infected mosquitoes in the aedes genus.
Zika virus infection is spread to people primarily through the bite of an infected mosquito. Preparedness planning guide for diseases transmitted by ae. Mar 07, 2016 zika virus has quickly changed from a rare illness to the subject of international headlines. Ongoing zika virus exposure is defined as currently living in or frequent eg, daily or weekly travel to areas with zika virus transmission. It can involve the face, trunk, and extremities, including palms and soles. It was discovered in a rhesus monkey that had been placed in a cage on a sentinel platform in the forest by the virus. Jul 20, 2018 a diagnosis of zika virus infection can only be confirmed by laboratory tests of blood or other body fluids, such as urine or semen. Mosquitotransmitted zika virus zikv is a member of the flavivirus genus in the. Dec 21, 2018 most people infected with the zika virus have no signs and symptoms, while others report mild fever, rash and muscle pain. No specific antiviral treatment for the zika virus exists. Zika virus infections during pregnancy cause microcephaly in newborn babies. Consider the possibility of zika virus infection in travelers with acute fever, rash, arthralgia, or conjunctivitis within 2 weeks after return. But several vaccines are currently in clinical trials.
Drugs for the treatment of zika virus infection journal of. Zika virus is one of the emerging viruses and is of significant threat to human health globally. Although specific treatment is not yet available for dengue, chikungunya and zika. Historically, symptomatic zika virus infections were limited to sporadic cases or small clusters of patients online technical appendix table 2.
This pattern changed in 2007, when the first major outbreak of zika virus infection. There is no specific treatment for a zika virus infection. Zika virus is also called zika or zika virus disease. There is no specific medicine that can treat the viral infection. The incubation period for the zika virus is approximately 314 days 1. Management of patients in the context of zika virus acog. There has been a substantial reduction in the risk of zika virus zikv infection among canadian travellers. Zika virus is a disease primarily transmitted by mosquitoes. The virus is related to other flaviviruses including dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and west nile virus. Zika fever is spread via the bite of an infected aedes aegypti mosquito.
Zika primarily spreads through infected mosquitoes. The centers for disease control and prevention recommends that pregnant women do not travel to areas where there is a zika virus outbreak. Take medicine such as acetaminophen tylenol to reduce fever and pain. Get plenty of bed rest drink plenty of liquids take medicine. Zika virus spreads to people primarily through the bite of an infected aedes species. Treatment is aimed at relieving symptoms with rest, fluids and medications such as acetaminophen tylenol, others to relieve joint pain and fever. Zika is a relatively new virus, first isolated from a monkey in uganda back in 1947.
This article highlights the importance of early diagnosis and describes zika virus transmission, treatment, and prevention. Take medicines, such as acetaminophen or paracetamol, to relieve fever and pain 4. While some children will not have any symptoms other than a decreased head size, others may require lifelong care from a multidisciplinary team of specialists, including neurologists, psychiatrists, physical therapists, and speech therapists. Do not take aspirin and other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs nsaids until dengue can be ruled out to reduce the risk of bleeding. Additionally, research is underway to create novel recombinant zika virus proteins that are less crossreactive.
While scientists had initially believed that the virus was constrained to simian populations, the first evidence of a leap from animal to human was reported in 1952. Expert consultation with a maternalfetal medicine and infectious. The australian government department of health has a list of countries with current or recent active circulation of zika virus. Sep 16, 2019 a zika virus infection, also known as zika fever or zika virus disease, usually causes mild, transient symptoms or no symptoms at all. Origins, pathological action, and treatment strategies. Treatment is generally supportive and can include rest, fluids, and use of analgesics and antipyretics 4. The most common symptoms of zika are fever, rash, joint pain, or conjunctivitis red eyes. Currently, zika virus often can be detected during the acute phase of infection and up to 14 days after the onset of symptoms using diagnostic tests for viral rna. Request pdf drugs for the treatment of zika virus infection zika virus is an emerging flavivirus that causes the neurodevelopmental congenital zika syndrome and that has been linked to the. The drug effectively inhibits the growth of zika virus and ebola virus invitro 14, 15. Treatment of the zika virus there are no cures or vaccines for the zika virus.
Other common symptoms include muscle pain and headache. Recommendations canadian recommendations on the prevention and treatment of zika virus. A problem with reemerging virus infections is the lack of available medical countermeasures, including antiviral treatment. Most cases have no symptoms, but when present they are usually mild and can resemble dengue fever. If symptoms worsen or complications develop, see a doctor immediately is there a treatment. Zika virus prevention and treatment recommendations canada. No specific antiviral treatment is available for zika virus disease. Treatment is therefore symptomatic and includes rest, drinking plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration, and acetaminophen can be taken for pain or fever. The incubation period the time from exposure to symptoms for zika virus disease is not known. Zika disease is caused by the zika virus which is transmitted by the usually daytime active aedes mosquito to the vertebrate host of humans and monkeys. The zika virus was first identified in 1947 in the zika forest of uganda.
Drugs for the treatment of zika virus infection journal. There is no vaccine to prevent or medicine to treat zika. Accordingly, catmat no longer routinely recommends that pregnant travellers avoid travel to areas where zika is known or suspected to occur, or that special precautions to prevent sexual transmission while abroad or upon return are. Many people infected with zika virus wont have symptoms or will only have mild symptoms. This update includes narrative summaries of evidence that underlie the recommendations for practice, and a section on antenatal testing and care for pregnant women with a history of travel to areas of active zika virus. Virus origin, epidemiology, and areas of dissemination. Pregnant women in any trimester should consider postponing travel to. Pdf investigational drugs for the treatment of zika virus infection. If you are pregnant with no symptoms of zika virus infection with a history of recent travel to an area with active zika virus transmission can be. While there is no treatment or vaccine for the zika virus, symptoms can be managed during the initial infection and during severe disease complications. Treatment continues to be supportive, and new research is published daily on the management for zika virus complications.
Your doctor may order a blood or urine test to help determine if you have zika. Niaid is working toward the development of improved zika virus diagnostic tests by supporting its scientists and grantees to generate antibodies that can distinguish between zika virus and dengue virus. Pathogenesis, diagnostic challenges and treatment of zika virus disease in resourcelimited settings. Zika virus was discovered in a sentinel monkey in uganda in 1947. Zika virus has quickly changed from a rare illness to the subject of international headlines. English symptoms about 1 in 5 people infected with zika virus become ill i. The synergistic effects of azithromycin and hydroxychloroquine combination were also reported to treat. The zika virus zikv infection results in severe neurological complications and has emerged as a threat to public health. Who publications, technical guidance on zika virus.
171 893 94 260 1200 145 1079 1464 368 1164 769 418 1374 518 1535 227 540 1122 391 792 726 1371 837 1365 172 1652 1182 509 1321 709 1617 439 248 1095 657 1228 1205 35 372 550